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On-farm storage loss estimates of maize in Kenya using community survey methods
Hugo De Groote Anani Bruce (2023, [Artículo])
Maize is the most important staple in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with highly seasonal production. High storage losses affect food security, but good estimations are lacking. A new method using focus group discussions (FGDs) was tested with 121 communities (1439 farmers, 52% women) in Kenya's six maize-growing zones, to estimate the maize losses to storage pests and analyze farmer practices. As control strategies, half of the farmers used chemical pesticides (49%), while hermetic bags (16%) and botanicals (15%) were also popular. Relative loss from weevils in the long rains was estimated at 23%, in the short rains 18%, and annually 21%. Fewer farmers were affected by the larger grain borer (LGB) than by maize weevils: 42% in the long rainy season and 32% in the short rainy season; losses from LGB were also smaller: 19% in the long season, 17% in the short season, and 18% over the year. Total storage loss, from both species combined, was estimated at 36%, or 671,000 tonnes per year. The greatest losses occur in the humid areas, especially the moist mid-altitudes (56%), and with smaller loss in the drylands (20–23%). Extrapolating the point data and overlaying with the maize production map shows the geographic distribution of the losses, with the most important area found around Lake Victoria. FGDs provide convenient and cheap tools to estimate storage losses in representative communities, but a total loss estimate of 36% is higher than is found in other studies, so its accuracy and framing effects need to be assessed. We conclude that storage pests remain a major problem, especially in western Kenya, and that the use of environmentally friendly technologies such as hermetic storage and botanicals needs more attention, both by the public extension service and private agrodealers.
Larger Grain Borer Maize Weevil CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE STORAGE LOSSES PESTS SURVEY METHODS
GIOVANNY COVARRUBIAS-PAZARAN Christian Werner Dorcus Gemenet (2023, [Artículo])
Selection Strategies Reciprocal Recurrent Selection Dominance-Based Heterosis CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENETICS HETEROSIS MAIZE HYBRIDS FOOD SECURITY COMBINING ABILITY
Junjie Fu XUECAI ZHANG (2023, [Artículo])
Genomic Prediction Prediction Model Genetic Effects Hybrid Performance CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE GENETICS HYBRIDS PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
Efficacy of drought-tolerant and insect-protected transgenic TELA® maize traits in Nigeria
Yoseph Beyene (2023, [Artículo])
Stem Borer TELA® Hybrids CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA FALL ARMYWORMS GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION STEM EATING INSECTS TRANSGENIC PLANTS MAIZE HYBRIDS
Editorial: Model organisms in plant science: Maize
Manje Gowda (2023, [Artículo])
Model Organism Genomic Selection CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE PLANT SCIENCES RESEARCH CROP IMPROVEMENT PLANT PHYSIOLOGY PLANT BREEDING
Christian Thierfelder (2023, [Artículo])
This article focuses on the results from trials developed to monitor the short-term effects of conventionally tilled systems versus CA on soil quality and crop productivity under conditions of the major cropping systems in central, north-central and north-eastern regions of Namibia. Conventional tillage (CT), Minimum tillage (MT), Minimum tillage, mulch (MT-M), Minimum tillage, rotation (MT-R) and Minimum tillage, mulch and rotation (MT-MR) were the primary treatments tested. Significant differences (p≤0.000) among the treatments were observed in the 0-60 cm soil profiles where MT-M plots had the highest soil moisture content (39.8 mm, Standard Error of Mean 0.2815) over the study period. A significant difference (p=0.0206) in grain yield was observed in the second season with CT plots yielding the highest grain yield (3852.3 kg ha-1, standard error of mean 240.35). Results suggest that CA has the potential to increase water conservation and contribute to reduction of the risk of crop failure. Climate change driven degradation under conventional tillage necessitate alternative sustainable tillage methods. Conservation tillage methods and conservation agricultural practices that minimize soil disturbance while maintaining soil cover need to be adopted more locally as viable alternatives to conventional tillage.
Grain Yield Soil Moisture Content CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE GRAIN YIELDS SOIL WATER CONTENT MAIZE
Amsal Tarekegne Dagne Wegary Gissa Jill Cairns Mainassara Zaman-Allah Yoseph Beyene Adefris Teklewold Kindie Tesfaye MacDonald Jumbo Biswanath Das THOKOZILE NDHLELA Xavier Mhike Prasanna Boddupalli (2024, [Artículo])
Early-Maturity Stress Tolerance CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA DROUGHT TOLERANCE EARLY MATURATION GENETIC GAIN HYBRIDS STRESS MAIZE
Highlight of CIMMYT East Africa maize product profile-3 (EA-PP3, highland)
Adefris Teklewold (2023, [Objeto de congreso])
CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE BREEDING MARKET SEGMENTATION HYBRIDS GENETIC GAIN INBRED LINES
AGG-maize year 3 major achievements and next steps
Yoseph Beyene (2023, [Objeto de congreso])
CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE BREEDING PROGRAMMES INNOVATION HYBRIDS GERMPLASM
Santiago Lopez-Ridaura (2023, [Artículo])
CONTEXT: Integration of farms into markets with adoption of maize as a cash crop can significantly increase income of farms of the developing world. However, in some cases, the income generated may still be very low and maize production may also have strong negative environmental and social impacts. OBJECTIVE: Maize production in northern Laos is taken as a case to study how far can farms' performance be improved with improved crop management of maize with the following changes at field level: good timing and optimal soil preparation and sowing, allowing optimal crop establishment and low weed infestation. METHODS: We compared different farm types' performance on locally relevant criteria and indicators embodying the three pillars of sustainability (environmental, economic and social). An integrated assessment approach was combined with direct measurement of indicators in farmers' fields to assess eleven criteria of local farm sustainability. A bio-economic farm model was used for scenario assessment in which changes in crop management and the economic environment of farms were compared to present situation. The farm model was based on mathematical programming maximizing income under constraints related to i) household composition, initial cash and rice stocks and land type, and ii) seasonal balances of cash, labour and food. The crop management scenarios were built based on a diagnosis of the causes of variations in the agronomic and environmental performances of cropping systems, carried out in farmers' fields. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that moderate changes in crop management on maize would improve substantially farm performance on 4 to 6 criteria out of the 11 assessed, depending on farm types. The improved crop management of maize had a high economic attractiveness for every farm type simulated (low, medium and high resource endowed farms) even at simulated production costs more than doubling current costs of farmers' practices. However, while an improvement of the systems performance was attained in terms of agricultural productivity, income generation, work and ease of work, herbicide leaching, improved soil quality and nitrogen balance, trade-offs were identified with other indicators such as erosion control and cash outflow needed at the beginning of the cropping season. SIGNIFICANCE: Using farm modelling for multicriteria assessment of current and improved maize cropping systems for contrasted farm types helped capture main opportunities and constraints on local farm sustainability, and assess the trade-offs that new options at field level may generate at farm level.
Bio-Economic Farm Model Smallholder Farms CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CASH CROPS INDICATORS SMALLHOLDERS CROPPING SYSTEMS MAIZE