Satellite Earth Observation (EO) for agriculture

Gerald Blasch (2023)

Conference object

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MONITORING AGRICULTURE SATELLITE OBSERVATION EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITES

Influence of conservation agriculture-based production systems on bacterial diversity and soil quality in rice-wheat-greengram cropping system in eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

Anup Das virender kumar Peter Craufurd Andrew Mcdonald Sonam Sherpa (2023)

Introduction: Conservation agriculture (CA) is gaining attention in the South Asia as an environmentally benign and sustainable food production system. The knowledge of the soil bacterial community composition along with other soil properties is essential for evaluating the CA-based management practices for achieving the soil environment sustainability and climate resilience in the rice-wheat-greengram system. The long-term effects of CA-based tillage-cum-crop establishment (TCE) methods on earthworm population, soil parameters as well as microbial diversity have not been well studied. Methods: Seven treatments (or scenarios) were laid down with the various tillage (wet, dry, or zero-tillage), establishment method (direct-or drill-seeding or transplantation) and residue management practices (mixed with the soil or kept on the soil surface). The soil samples were collected after 7 years of experimentation and analyzed for the soil quality and bacterial diversity to examine the effect of tillage-cum-crop establishment methods. Results and Discussion: Earthworm population (3.6 times), soil organic carbon (11.94%), macro (NPK) (14.50–23.57%) and micronutrients (Mn, and Cu) (13.25 and 29.57%) contents were appreciably higher under CA-based TCE methods than tillage-intensive farming practices. Significantly higher number of OTUs (1,192 ± 50) and Chao1 (1415.65 ± 14.34) values were observed in partial CA-based production system (p ≤ 0.05). Forty-two (42) bacterial phyla were identified across the scenarios, and Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were the most dominant in all the scenarios. The CA-based scenarios harbor a high abundance of Proteobacteria (2–13%), whereas the conventional tillage-based scenarios were dominated by the bacterial phyla Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi and found statistically differed among the scenarios (p ≤ 0.05). Composition of the major phyla, i.e., Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were associated differently with either CA or farmers-based tillage management practices. Overall, the present study indicates the importance of CA-based tillage-cum-crop establishment methods in shaping the bacterial diversity, earthworms population, soil organic carbon, and plant nutrient availability, which are crucial for sustainable agricultural production and resilience in agro-ecosystem.

Article

Metagenomics Bacterial Diversity Rice-Wheat-Greengram CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE DNA SEQUENCES EARTHWORMS METAGENOMICS SOIL QUALITY AGROECOSYSTEMS

Satellite imagery for high-throughput phenotyping in breeding plots

Francisco Pinto Mainassara Zaman-Allah Matthew Paul Reynolds Urs Schulthess (2023)

Article

Optimized Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA HIGH-THROUGHPUT PHENOTYPING SATELLITES WHEAT MAIZE BREEDING NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX

Evaluation of multiple satellite precipitation products for rainfed maize production systems over Vietnam

Paresh Shirsath Dakshina Murthy Kadiyala (2022)

Article

Rainfall Datasets Satellite Rainfall Estimates CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RAIN RAINFED FARMING DATA SATELLITES

Using Sentinel-2 to track field-level tillage practices at regional scales in smallholder systems

Preeti Rao ML JAT Balwinder-Singh Deepak Bijarniya Urs Schulthess Rajbir Singh Meha Jain (2021)

Article

Sentinel-2 Random Forest Google Earth Engine CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SATELLITES ZERO TILLAGE CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE SMALLHOLDERS

Arreglos de antenas para radiación tipo Isoflux en satélites LEO con diferentes alturas orbitales

Antenna arrays for Isoflux radiation in LEO satellites at various orbital altitudes

Paulina Díaz De la Paz (2023)

En los últimos años, las constelaciones de satélites en órbita baja han ganado popularidad como infraestructura para ofrecer el servicio de Internet satelital, y se espera que su presencia siga en aumento. Para minimizar la latencia en la transmisión de datos, estos satélites suelen situarse en el rango inferior y medio de la órbita baja terrestre. Comúnmente, los satélites de estas constelaciones emiten una radiación que consiste en un único haz que concentra la potencia en una sola dirección. Sin embargo, debido a la curvatura de la Tierra, las ondas electromagnéticas radiadas por el arreglo de antenas abordo del satélite viajan distancias diferentes. Las ondas que se desplazan en dirección del nadir del satélite hacen un recorrido más corto en comparación con las que se propagan en las direcciones más distantes a este. Este fenómeno ocasiona pérdidas de potencia en los bordes del área de cobertura. Para compensar estas pérdidas, se propone el uso de arreglos de antenas de radiación tipo Isoflux. Estos arreglos distribuyen la densidad de potencia de manera uniforme en el área de cobertura, aumentando la ganancia en direcciones donde el trayecto es más largo. Lograr este tipo de radiación para satélites en órbita baja se vuelve más desafiante. Debido a la proximidad del satélite a la Tierra, es necesario que la radiación se extienda sobre una gran parte del plano de elevación, requiriendo un haz Isoflux que sobrepasa los 100 grados. Esta tesis presenta 18 diseños de arreglos de antenas para satélites en las alturas orbitales de 340 km, 550 km y 1150 km. Para el diseño de estos arreglos, se emplean las geometrías lineales, planares y anillos concéntricos, tanto periódicas como aperiódicas. La distribución de excitaciones de amplitud y la separación entre elementos de antena se optimizan utilizando algoritmos genéticos. La presente tesis incluye un análisis comparativo de las prestaciones de radiación y cantidad de elementos de los diseños presentados, categorizados por altura orbital.

In recent years, the utilization of low-Earth orbit satellite constellations as infrastructure for providing satellite Internet services has experienced substantial growth. The rise of this trend is likely to continue. These satellites are typically placed in the lower to mid-range of low-Earth orbit in order to reduce latency in data transmission. It is common for the antenna arrays on these satellites to emit a single radiation beam that concentrates power in a singular direction. Due to the curvature of the Earth, the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna array travel different distances. Waves traveling in the satellite’s nadir direction cover a shorter distance compared to those propagating in more distant directions. This phenomenon causes power losses at the edges of the coverage area. To compensate for these losses, the use of Isoflux radiation antenna arrays is proposed. These arrays distribute the power density evenly across the coverage area, increasing gain in directions where the path is longer. Achieving such radiation characteristics becomes more difficult for low-Earth orbit satellites. Due to the satellite’s proximity to Earth, radiation needs to extend over a large portion of the elevation plane, requiring an Isoflux beam that exceeds 100 degrees. This thesis presents 18 antenna array designs for satellites at the orbital altitudes of 340 km, 550 km, and 1150 km. Linear, planar, and concentric ring geometries are employed, with both periodic and aperiodic antenna element distributions. The distribution of amplitude excitations and the spacing between antenna elements are optimized using genetic algorithms. This thesis includes a comparative analysis of the radiation performance and the number of elements of the presented designs, categorized by orbital altitude.

Master thesis

arreglos de antenas, radiación Isoflux, satélites LEO, algoritmos genéticos antenna arrays, Isoflux radiation, LEO satellites, genetic algorithms INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA ELECTRÓNICA ANTENAS ANTENAS