Funcionamiento del proceso de digestión en rumiantes

Abel Jaime Leal González (2021)

Book

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RUMIANTE DIGESTIÓN RUMINAL NUTRIENTES CARBOHIDRATOS ABOMASO ABSORCIÓN DIGESTIVA GANADO BOVINO PASTOREO RUMINANTS RUMEN DIGESTION NUTRIENTS CARBOHYDRATES ABOMASUM DIGESTIVE ABSORPTION CATTLE GRAZING

Sowing the wheat seeds of Afghanistan's future

Nigel Poole Rajiv Sharma Orzala Nemat Jason Donovan Alison Bentley (2022)

Article

Humanitarian Intervention CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA FOOD SECURITY IRRIGATION NUTRITION PLANT BREEDING SEED SYSTEMS

Alternative cropping and feeding options to enhance sustainability of mixed crop-livestock farms in Bangladesh

Timothy Joseph Krupnik Jeroen Groot (2024)

We investigated alternative cropping and feeding options for large (>10 cows), medium (5–10 cows) and small (≤4 cows) mixed crop – livestock farm types, to enhance economic and environmental performance in Jhenaidha and Meherpur districts – locations with increasing dairy production – in south western Bangladesh. Following focus group discussions with farmers on constraints and opportunities, we collected baseline data from one representative farm from each farm size class per district (six in total) to parameterize the whole-farm model FarmDESIGN. The six modelled farms were subjected to Pareto-based multi-objective (differential evolution algorithm) optimization to generate alternative dairy farm and fodder configurations. The objectives were to maximize farm profit, soil organic matter balance, and feed self-reliance, in addition to minimizing feed costs and soil nitrogen losses as indicators of sustainability. The cropped areas of the six baseline farms ranged from 0.6 to 4.0 ha and milk production per cow was between 1,640 and 3,560 kg year−1. Feed self-reliance was low (17%–57%) and soil N losses were high (74–342 kg ha−1 year−1). Subsequent trade-off analysis showed that increasing profit and soil organic matter balance was associated with higher risks of N losses. However, we found opportunities to improve economic and environmental performance simultaneously. Feed self-reliance could be increased by intensifying cropping and substituting fallow periods with appropriate fodder crops. For the farm type with the largest opportunity space and room to manoeuvre, we identified four strategies. Three strategies could be economically and environmentally benign, showing different opportunities for farm development with locally available resources.

Article

Ruminant Feed Pareto-Based Optimization Farm Bioeconomic Model CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RUMINANT FEEDING BIOECONOMIC MODELS MIXED CROPPING FARMS LIVESTOCK

Effect of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids on membrane fouling during short and long-term operation of membrane bioreactor

EDSON BALTAZAR ESTRADA ARRIAGA PETIA MIJAYLOVA NACHEVA LILIANA GARCIA SANCHEZ (2015)

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of different Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids (MLVSS) concentrations on membrane fouling, in a submerged Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) at short and long-term MBR operation for wastewater treatment. Three laboratory-scale in a submerged MBR system were operated under critical flux, sub-critical flux, and an intermittent suction time and backwashing conditions. At short-term MBR operation with mixed liquors of 4,200 and 6,150 mg MLVSS L-1, the hydraulic resistance of membranes followed a same trajectory with averages of 5.0E+12 m-1, whereas for 7,940 mg MLVSS L-1, a high resistance of up to 1.7E+13 m-1 was obtained. The result showed that high biomass concentrations decreased to permeability due to a bio-layer formed in the membrane surface and high Extracellular Polymeric Substance.

Article

Biorreactor de membrana Saturación de la membrana Sólidos suspendidos volátiles Sustancias poliméricas extracelulares BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA

Influencia de las fases lunares en fertilidad, tasa de preñez y partos de vacas mestizas en el trópico seco.

CANUTO MUÑOZ GARCIA ROSENDO CUICAS HUERTA JUAN GONZALEZ MALDONADO EFREN ESTRADA PAQUI ISIDRO JAUREGUI PLATA JULIO CESAR GOMEZ VARGAS (2023)

There is speculation about moon phases influencing animal reproductive performance. A study was carried out to shed light on the influence of moon phases on estrus presentation, pregnancy rate, calving presentation, and offspring sex in cows from the Mexican dry tropical region. The reproductive data of 580 crossbred cows from 2010 to 2021 was organized according to reproductive events (estrus presentation, gestation, calving presentation, and offspring sex) occurrence during moon phases (new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter). The data were analyzed by Chi-squared test and logistic regression. The full moon reduced the estrus presentation (p0.05). It is concluded that the full moon reduces estrus presentation in crossbred cows. Moon phases do not influence the gestation, calving presentation, and offspring sex.

Article

estrus calving offspring sex CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGRARIAS CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS FISIOLOGÍA ANIMAL

Smallholder farmers’ willingness to pay for two-wheel tractor-based mechanisation services in Zambia and Zimbabwe

Hambulo Ngoma Paswel Marenya Adane Tufa Lovemore  Chipindu Md Abdul Matin Christian Thierfelder (2023)

Conference object

Two-Wheel Tractors CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MECHANIZATION WHEELED TRACTORS WILLINGNESS TO PAY ANIMAL POWER

Evaluación del acondicionamiento reproductivo del ostión japonés (Magallana gigas) en dos sistemas de recirculación con prevalencia de polidóridos mediante la expresión de genes

Evaluation of Japanese oyster (Magallana gigas) broodstock conditioning in two recirculating systems with the prevalence of Polidorids through gene expression

Adrián Andrés Morales Guadarrama (2024)

El ostión Magallana gigas es ampliamente cultivado a nivel mundial. En Baja California, México, los laboratorios de reproducción deben acondicionar ostiones para su maduración y producción de gametos, y abastecer de semilla a los productores. En nuestro laboratorio, Sistemas de Recirculación Acuícola (SRA), con control del sistema CO2-Carbonatos (SRA-R) o sin control (SRA-C), han permitido madurar ostiones M. gigas y M. sikamea. Recientemente, los ostiones M. gigas acondicionados en nuestros SRA no maduraron, y algunos presentaron prevalencia de polidóridos (PP), poliquetos parásitos excavadores de concha. Para comprender la condición de los ostiones, evaluamos el efecto del SRA y de la PP sobre la expresión relativa de ocho genes asociados a biomineralización (VpATP y Tyr), inmunidad innata (P38, PGRP-L y TLR2) y reproducción (GnRH-RI, Vasa-like y SP1b) de M. gigas en dos etapas del acondicionamiento, 18 °C y 24 °C. La PP se determinó por la presencia de ampollas en la concha. Mediante RT-qPCR se determinó la expresión de VpATP, Tyr, P38, PGRP-L y TLR2 en el manto, y de GnRH-RI, Vasa-like y SP1b en la gónada. La expresión relativa se evaluó con un enfoque estadístico basado en un análisis Bayesiano de dos vías y comparaciones múltiples, p-valor significativo < 0.05 y corrección de Bonferroni. En 18 °C, la expresión de VpATP, Tyr, TLR2 y P38 fue mayor en ostiones con PP (CPP) que sin PP (SPP). En contraste, la expresión de GnRH-RI, Vasa-like y SP1b fue menor CPP que SPP. Dentro del SRA-C, en los ostiones CPP hubo mayor expresión de Tyr y menor expresión de Vasa-like y SP1b, respecto a los ostiones SPP. Esto sugiere que la PP induce la reparación de la concha y las respuestas inmune e inflamatoria en el manto mientras que en la gónada reduce el desarrollo de las células germinales. En 24 °C, en el SRA-R hubo menor expresión de SP1b respecto del SRA-C y sugiere menor división celular en la gónada. En conclusión, el SRA-R y la PP afectaron el balance energético del ostión japonés, limitando la energía y reflejando menor esfuerzo reproductivo en los ostiones del SRA-R al final del acondicionamiento reproductivo.

The Japanese oyster (Magallana gigas) is highly cultured worldwide. In Baja California, Mexico, the reproduction laboratories must condition oysters to maturity and have gametes to supply oyster seeds to producers. In our laboratory, recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), with control of the CO2-Carbonate system (RAS-R) and without this control (RAS-C), have allowed oysters M. gigas and M. sikamea to mature. Recently, the M. gigas oysters conditioned in our RAS did not mature, and some have the prevalence of Polidorids (PP), shell-boring polychaete parasites. To understand the oysters' condition, we evaluated the effect of RAS and the PP on the relative expression of eight genes associated with biomineralization (VpATP and Tyr), innate immunity (P38, PGRP-L, and TLR2), and reproduction (GnRH-RI, Vasa-like, and SP1b) of M. gigas at two phases of broodstock conditioning, 18 °C and 24 °C. The PP was determined by mud blisters at the inner oyster shell. RT-qPCR determined the expression of VpATP, Tyr, p38, PGRP-L, and TLR2 in the mantle tissue and GnRH-RI, Vasa-like, and SP1b in the gonad tissue. The relative gene expression was evaluated by a Bayesian statistics frame based on a two-way and multiple comparison analysis, with significant p-value < 0.05 and Bonferroni correction. At 18 °C, there was higher expression of VpATP, Tyr, TLR2, and P38 in oysters with PP (WPP) than without PP (WOPP). In contrast, the expression of GnRH-RI, Vasa-like, and SP1b was less WPP than WOPP. It suggests that the PP induces shell repair and immune and inflammatory responses in mantle tissue, while in gonad tissue, it reduces the development of germinal cells. At 24 °C, in RAS-R, there was less expression of SP1b respect RAS-C, and it suggests less cellular division in the gonad. In conclusion, the RAS-R and the PP affect the energetic balance of the Japanese oyster, limiting the energy and reflecting less reproduction effort in oysters from RAS-R at the end of broodstock conditioning.

Master thesis

SRA, biomineralización, Vasa-like, Tyr, ostión RAS, biomineralization, Vasa-like, Tyr, oyster BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA GENÉTICA CITOGENÉTICA ANIMAL CITOGENÉTICA ANIMAL

Forest proximity positively affects natural enemy mediated control of fall armyworm in Southern Africa

Frédéric Baudron Terence Sunderland (2022)

Article

Insectivorous Birds Bat Predation Maize Cultivation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA FALL ARMYWORMS BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL INSECTIVOROUS ANIMALS MAIZE PREDATOR PREY RELATIONS

Efecto de los sólidos suspendidos volátiles del licor mezclado en el ensuciamiento de las membranas durante la operación de un bioreactor con membranas a corto y largo plazo

Effect of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids on membrane fouling during short and long-ter operation of membrane bioreactor

EDSON BALTAZAR ESTRADA ARRIAGA Petia Mijaylova Nacheva LILIANA GARCIA SANCHEZ (2015)

El objetivo del estudio fue examinar el impacto de diferentes concentraciones de sólidos suspendidos volátiles del licor mezclado en el ensuciamiento de las membranas en un bio-reactor con membranas sumergidas (BRMS)en periodos cortos y largos de operación durante el tratamiento del agua residual. Tres BRMS a escala laboratorio fueron operados bajo condiciones críticas, sub-críticas y condiciones de succión intermitente y retrolavados. En cortos tiempos de operación de los BRMS con concentraciones de licor mezclado de 4,200 y 6,150 mg SSVLM L-1, la resistencia hidráulica de las membranas se comportó de manera similar con un promedio de 5.0E+12 m-1, mientras para una concentración de 7,940 mg SSVLM L-1, su obtuvo una alta resistencia con valores de 1.7E+13 m-1. Los resultados mostraron que con concentraciones altas de biomasa la permeabilidad de las membranas disminuye debido a la formación de una biopelícula en la superficie de las membranas y a la presencia de Sustancia Poliméricas Extracelulares (SPE).

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of different Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids (MLVSS) concentrations on membrane fouling, in a submerged Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) at short and long-term MBR operation for wastewater treatment. Three laboratory-scale in a submerged MBR system were operated under critical flux, sub-critical flux, and an intermittent suction time and backwashing conditions. At short-term MBR operation with mixed liquors of 4,200 and 6,150 mg MLVSS L-1, the hydraulic resistance of membranes followed a same trajectory with averages of 5.0E+12 m-1, whereas for 7,940 mg MLVSS L-1, a high resistance of up to 1.7E+13 m-1 was obtained. The result showed that high biomass concentrations decreased to permeability due to a bio-layer formed in the membrane surface and high Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS).

Article

Biorreactores Sólidos suspendidos volátiles INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Stability of FeVO4-II under Pressure: A First-Principles Study

PRICILA BETBIRAI ROMERO VAZQUEZ SINHUE LOPEZ MORENO Daniel Errandonea (2022)

"In this work, we report first-principles calculations to study FeVO4 in the CrVO4-type (phase II) structure under pressure. Total-energy calculations were performed in order to analyze the structural parameters, the electronic, elastic, mechanical, and vibrational properties of FeVO4-II up to 9.6 GPa for the first time. We found a good agreement in the structural parameters with the experimental results available in the literature. The electronic structure analysis was complemented with results obtained from the Laplacian of the charge density at the bond critical points within the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules methodology. Our findings from the elastic, mechanic, and vibrational properties were correlated to determine the elastic and dynamic stability of FeVO4-II under pressure. Calculations suggest that beyond the maximum pressure covered by our study, this phase could undergo a phase transition to a wolframite-type structure, such as in CrVO4 and InVO4."

Article

FeVO4 under pressure CrVO4-type structure First-principles Mechanical properties Vibrational properties Electronic properties CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA FÍSICA FÍSICA DEL ESTADO SÓLIDO CRISTALOGRAFÍA CRISTALOGRAFÍA