Autor: Jose Carrillo

Diversidad biocultural de tomate nativo en Oaxaca, México

JOSE CRUZ CARRILLO RODRIGUEZ NOEL SOSA HERNÁNDEZ SOSA HERNÁNDEZ ARACELI MINERVA VERA GUZMAN JOSE LUIS CHAVEZ SERVIA (2023)

El tomate o jitomate mexicano fue cultivado desde la época precolombina y se comercializaba en el mercado de Tenochtitlán, y la forma silvestre posiblemente migró desde Sudamérica. No obstante, las formas silvestres y cultivadas siguen evolucionando a lo largo de Oaxaca. La geografía oaxaqueña se agrupa en ocho regiones donde se recrea la diversidad del tomate, tanto de las formas silvestres de fruto redondo y pequeño, como de las variedades nativas cultivadas de formas achatadas acostilladas, que son reconocidas con nombres en lenguas originarias y apreciadas por el sabor, aroma y textura que les confieren a los platillos locales.

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AGROSISTEMAS TRADICIONALES CONSERVACION IN SITU CULTURA TRADICION PUEBLOS ORIGINARIOS SOLANACEAE. BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Use of organic substrates on the quality of watermelon seedlings

Benigno Rivera Hernández Victor Hugo Quej Chi Roberto Gutiérrez Burón José Luis Andrade Torres EUGENIO CARRILLO Vianey González CLAUDINA VILLARREAL (2022)

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a succulent fruit and vine-like plant that is cultivated in Mexico and it generates employment and currency for the country. However, there is the need to research what local organic substrates can substitute peat moss as a culture medium to produce watermelon seedlings of good quality and at low cost. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of five local organic substrates as substitutes of the commercial substrate “Peat Moss”, for the production of seedlings of two watermelon cultivars, Sun Sweet and Jubilee. Five local organic substrates were studied: cacao husk, compost, vermicompost, bovine manure, coconut fiber and the commercial substrate “Peat Moss” as control. The response variables were percentage of germination, indicators of morphological quality and morphological quality indexes, stability of the clod, and relative efficiency of the local substrates. The best morphological indicators and morphological quality index of the seedlings were found with the substrates cacao husk and vermicompost, with a seedling quality similar to those obtained with the commercial substrate. Compost presented the lowest stability of the clod and relative efficiency. The substrates of cacao husk and vermicompost can substitute the commercial substrate “Peat Moss”, in addition to being easy to obtain and of low cost; so they are a viable alternative for rural farmers in the production of watermelon seedlings. © 2022, Sociedade de Olericultura do Brasil. All rights reserved.

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CITRULLUS LANATUS CACAO HUSK VERMICOMPOST COCONUT FIBER BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Antioxidant profile of hot and sweet pepper cultivars by two extraction methods

MERCEDES GEORGINA RAMIREZ ARAGON ENRIQUE TROYO DIEGUEZ Pablo Preciado Rangel Victoria Jared Borroel García Miguel García-Carrillo JOSE LUIS GARCIA HERNANDEZ (2022)

"Chili peppers are among the most important vegetables in the world. The demand of this fruit reveals a noticeable rapid increasing, which importance is mainly due to its nutraceutical composition. These fruits are rich in capsaicinoids, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and others, including vitamins. In this study, a comparative evaluation between two extraction methods of bioactive compounds of fourteen chili pepper cultivars was performed. Two extraction methods for antioxidants, the time-solvent and the ultrasound were evaluated. The design of the experiment was completely randomized with three repetitions where variables evaluated were total phenolic compounds, flavonoids content, antioxidant capacity and capsaicin. Results showed that the phenolic compounds oscillated between 48.7 - 634.1 mg GAE/100 g dry weight (DW), the flavonoids content varied from 1 - 97 mg QE/100 g DW, the antioxidant activity from 65 - 348 µmol Trolox/g DW and the capsaicin content oscillated from 0.3 - 922 mg/100 g DW. The extraction method with higher values of bioactive compounds for each of the chili pepper types was the ultrasound for all the measured variables."

Artículo

Capsicum annuum, phenolics, flavonoids, capsaicin, ultrasound, antioxidant capacity CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGRARIAS AGRONOMÍA PRODUCCIÓN DE CULTIVOS PRODUCCIÓN DE CULTIVOS

Tensile behavior of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) based composites reinforced with natural fiber

Eliana M Agaliotis BALTAZAR DAVID AKE CONCHA ALEJANDRO MAY PAT Juan Pablo Morales Arias Celina Bernal Alex Valadez González Pedro Jesús Herrera Franco Gwenaelle Proust JUAN FRANCISCO KOH DZUL José Gonzalo Carrillo Baeza Emmanuel Alejandro Flores Johnson (2022)

Natural fiber-reinforced composite (NFRC) filaments for 3D printing were fabricated using polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with 1–5 wt% henequen flour comprising particles with sizes between 90–250 μm. The flour was obtained from natural henequen fibers. NFRCs and pristine PLA specimens were printed with a 0° raster angle for tension tests. The results showed that the NFRCs’ measured density, porosity, and degree of crystallinity increased with flour content. The tensile tests showed that the NFRC Young’s modulus was lower than that of the printed pristine PLA. For 1 wt% flour content, the NFRCs’ maximum stress and strain to failure were higher than those of the printed PLA, which was attributed to the henequen fibers acting as reinforcement and delaying crack growth. However, for 2 wt% and higher flour contents, the NFRCs’ maximum stress was lower than that of the printed PLA. Microscopic characterization after testing showed an increase in voids and defects, with the increase in flour content attributed to particle agglomeration. For 1 wt% flour content, the NFRCs were also printed with raster angles of ±45° and 90° for comparison; the highest tensile properties were obtained with a 0° raster angle. Finally, adding 3 wt% content of maleic anhydride to the NFRC with 1 wt% flour content slightly increased the maximum stress. The results presented herein warrant further research to fully understand the mechanical properties of printed NFRCs made of PLA reinforced with natural henequen fibers. © 2022 by the authors.

Artículo

POLYLACTIC ACID (PLA) NATURAL FIBER HENEQUEN FIBER NATURAL FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE (NFRC) ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 3D PRINTING MECHANICAL PROPERTY INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA DE MATERIALES PROPIEDADES DE LOS MATERIALES PROPIEDADES DE LOS MATERIALES

Evaluación de la primera madurez sexual del huachinango del Pacífico (Lutjanus peru) nacido en cautiverio

First sexual maturity evaluation of the Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) born in captivity

MILTON ALEJANDRO SPANOPOULOS ZARCO José Antonio Estrada Godínez JUAN CARLOS PEREZ URBIOLA VICENTE GRACIA LOPEZ Felipe de Jesús Ascencio Valle Manuel Carrillo Marcos Fabian Quiñones Arreola MINERVA CONCEPCION MALDONADO GARCIA (2016)

"El huachinango del Pacífico, Lutjanus peru, es una especie atractiva para la acuicultura. Sin embargo, su reproducción en cautiverio en condiciones controladas no había sido factible, debido a la falta de conocimiento sobre las condiciones de manejo y el proceso reproductivo. En este estudio se evaluó la primera madurez sexual en cautiverio del huachinango del Pacífico, nacidos en el 2009 en el CIBNOR. La primera madurez sexual se determinó a los cuatro años de edad, con un peso promedio de 2.829 ± 80,9 g y longitud promedio de 540,3 ± 4,6 mm. Los primeros desoves ocurrieron en junio 2013, con la sincronización reproductiva entre machos y hembras en cautiverio, que coincidió cuando el fotoperiodo fue de 13 h luz y 11 h de obscuridad, con un aumento de temperatura del agua del estanque de 24,81 ± 1,4°C. El desove terminó en diciembre, con una disminución de temperatura 21,2 ± 1,5°C y 10 h luz. Se determinó la proporción sexual de 1:3,2 (hembra: macho). El tamaño de los huevos y la gota lipídica, disminuyeron conforme avanzó la temporada reproductiva..Se evaluó el nivel hormonal (estradiol, testosterona y 11-keto-testosterona) durante tres años. En cautiverio se determinó un ciclo reproductivo definido, en dos periodos; un periodo de reposo de diciembre a mayo, y un periodo reproductivo de junio a noviembre."

"The Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru, is an attractive species for aquaculture. Its reproduction in captivity under controlled conditions has not been feasible, due to the lack of knowledge on its basic reproductive biology and management conditions. For the first time, we evaluated the first sexual maturity stage of captive Pacific red snapper, born in 2009 at CIBNOR. The first sexual maturity was reached in four years with an average weight of 2,829 ± 80.9 g and average size of 540.3 ± 4.6 mm. Spawning occurred in June 2013, with a reproductive synchronization between males and females, which coincides with a photoperiod of 13 h of light and 11 h of darkness, an increase in the water ponds temperature to 24.81 ± 1.4°C. The final spawning occurred in December with a decrement of the water ponds temperature to 21.2 ± 1.5°C and 10 h light. The sex ratio was determined as 1:3.2 (female: male). The size of eggs and lipid drop decreased as the spawning season progressed. Hormone levels (estradiol, testosterone and 11-keto-testosterone), was evaluated for three years. We determined a defined reproductive cycle for the species in captivity in two periods: 1) a rest period, from December to May, and 2) a reproductive period from June to November."

Artículo

Lutjanus peru, primera madurez, desoves naturales, acuicultura. Lutjanus peru, first maturity, natural spawning, aquaculture. CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA ACUICULTURA MARINA OCEANOGRAFÍA ACUICULTURA MARINA